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Please refer to Command Line Tools for Mac File System for the macOS version.

1. List disk information.

   df
   df /HOME
   

2. Format disk partitions.

   mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb3
   
   mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdb3
   
   mkfs.exfat /dev/sdb3
   

3. Management disk partition tables.

   fdisk /dev/sdb
   

4. Report disk usage.

   du -lhd 1 .
   

5. dd

   dd if=... of=... bs=1M; sync
   

6. badblocks

7. lsblk

References

How To – Linux List Disk Partitions Command

10 Commands to Check Disk Partitions and Disk Space on Linux