If you need trackback information when throwing an exception use raise ExceptionClass(msg), otherwise, use sys.exit(msg) instead.

The assert statement (which raises AssertionError if the assertion is not met) is a very good way to ensure conditions to be met.

 :::python
 assert some_condition

Prefer Dataclass to namedtuple for many reasons.

• A namedtuple is immutable while a dataclass can be both mutable (frozen=False which is the default) or immutable (frozen=True).

  However, namedtuple does have one advantage over dataclass. Members of a namedtuple is assible both via the dot operator and index. In situations where both dot accessing and index accessing of members is required, a namedtuple comes handy. For examples, a list of namedtuple objects can be used as the data for creating a pandas DataFrame but not a list of dataclass objects.